Map - Iguape

Iguape is a municipality located into the Ribeira Valley in the southern portion of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 30,989 (2020 estimate) in an area of 1,977.96 km², making it the largest municipality area in São Paulo state. The city was officially founded on December 3, 1538, and its historic constructions are classified as national heritage by the IPHAN since 2009.

Its name has tupi origins and its translation means "in the river cove", 'y (water/river), kûá (cove) and pe (in).

The extinct unclassified Jaguanan language was formerly spoken by indigenous peoples in Iguape.

Because of its location, close to the limits established by the Tordesillas Treaty, the Iguape region was the stage for constant disputes among Portuguese, Spanish, and French pirates who landed there in order to refill their vessels or to trade in their goods. The foundation of Iguape is sometimes attributed to Rui Garcia de Mosquera, a Spanish navigator and colonizer who established a good relationship with the Tupiniquin Indians.

In another unproved account, in 1498 a Spanish group landed in the region giving the name Iguape to a tiny village, in reference to a local Indian name for a common regional plant. Some years later, a French pirate vessel attacked Iguape and set fire to the village, destroying all official documentation. The veracity of those events is unknown, but there is no doubt that the first years of Iguape's history were strongly influenced by the presence of the Spanish.